{"id":164,"date":"2023-09-07T18:10:04","date_gmt":"2023-09-07T22:10:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fallaciesoflogic.com\/?p=164"},"modified":"2023-09-07T18:10:04","modified_gmt":"2023-09-07T22:10:04","slug":"straw-man-argument-fallacy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fallaciesoflogic.com\/en\/straw-man-argument-fallacy\/","title":{"rendered":"Straw Man Argument (Logical Fallacy): Definition and Examples"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Straw man argument<\/strong>, or\u00a0straw man fallacy, is a type of\u00a0logical fallacy\u00a0that occurs when someone deliberately distorts or misrepresents their opponent\u2019s position to make it easier to defeat. As such, it is commonplace in a wide variety of situations, such as political debates, journalism, and debates on any controversial topics.<\/p>\n<p>In this article, we\u2019ll explain how and when this error in reasoning arises, what you can do to counter it, as well as show relevant examples of it.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/fallaciesoflogic.com\/en\/straw-man-argument-fallacy\/#What_is_the_straw_man_argument_%E2%80%93_definition\" >What is the straw man argument &#8211; definition?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/fallaciesoflogic.com\/en\/straw-man-argument-fallacy\/#Strawman_argument_fallacy_category\" >Strawman argument fallacy category<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/fallaciesoflogic.com\/en\/straw-man-argument-fallacy\/#Steel_man_argument\" >Steel man argument<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/fallaciesoflogic.com\/en\/straw-man-argument-fallacy\/#Strawman_argument_fallacy_examples\" >Strawman argument fallacy examples<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/fallaciesoflogic.com\/en\/straw-man-argument-fallacy\/#1_Straw_man_argument_fallacy_example_in_Politics\" >1. Straw man argument fallacy example (in Politics)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/fallaciesoflogic.com\/en\/straw-man-argument-fallacy\/#2_Straw_man_argument_fallacy_example_in_Politics\" >2. Straw man argument fallacy example (in Politics)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/fallaciesoflogic.com\/en\/straw-man-argument-fallacy\/#3_Straw_man_argument_fallacy_example_Hunting\" >3. Straw man argument fallacy example (Hunting)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/fallaciesoflogic.com\/en\/straw-man-argument-fallacy\/#4_Straw_man_argument_fallacy_example_Death_Penalty\" >4. Straw man argument fallacy example (Death Penalty)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/fallaciesoflogic.com\/en\/straw-man-argument-fallacy\/#How_to_counter_straw_man_argument_fallacy\" >How to counter straw man argument fallacy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_straw_man_argument_%E2%80%93_definition\"><\/span>What is the straw man argument &#8211; definition?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Straw man argument\u00a0is a flawed line of reasoning that occurs when someone substitutes an opposing argument with a distorted, oversimplified, exaggerated, or misrepresented version of it in order to make it easier to defeat.<\/p>\n<p>As such, this fallacy takes the following logical form:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Person 1 makes an argument X.<\/li>\n<li>Person B creates a distorted version of person A\u2019s argument (the \u201cstraw man\u201d).<\/li>\n<li>Person B attacks the distorted version of argument X.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Typically, it gives the impression of being a reasonable counter to the original claim, but in reality, it attacks a position or view that their opponent doesn\u2019t really hold. Moreover, the claim may be distorted by taking it out of context, focusing only on a single aspect of it, or being only remotely related to it.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Strawman_argument_fallacy_category\"><\/span>Strawman argument fallacy category<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>It is a type of\u00a0<em>informal fallacy<\/em>\u00a0and falls into their sub-category of<em>\u00a0fallacies of relevance<\/em>\u00a0since it is based on attacking a position that is irrelevant to the original argument.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Informal fallacies <\/em><\/strong>&#8211; refer to arguments containing irrelevant or invalid evidence that renders the conclusion incorrect. They stem from an error in reasoning rather than from an error in the logical structure of the argument.<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Fallacies of relevance <\/em><\/strong>&#8211; occur when the evidence of an argument is not relevant to the conclusion, and thus doesn\u2019t provide adequate reasons to believe its truthfulness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Steel_man_argument\"><\/span>Steel man argument<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The opposite of the\u00a0<em>straw man argument\u00a0<\/em>is called a\u00a0<em>steel man argument<\/em>, or\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/www.lesswrong.com\/tag\/steelmanning\">steelmanning<\/a><\/em>. Accordingly, it arises when a person improves someone else\u2019s position in a way that makes it harder to defeat.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Strawman_argument_fallacy_examples\"><\/span>Strawman argument fallacy examples<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-172\" src=\"https:\/\/fallaciesoflogic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Strawman-argument-fallacy-examples-1024x538.jpg\" alt=\"Strawman argument fallacy examples - parliament hall - fallaciesoflogic.com\" width=\"1024\" height=\"538\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fallaciesoflogic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Strawman-argument-fallacy-examples-1024x538.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/fallaciesoflogic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Strawman-argument-fallacy-examples-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fallaciesoflogic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Strawman-argument-fallacy-examples-768x403.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fallaciesoflogic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Strawman-argument-fallacy-examples.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Now that you know how the argument works, we\u2019ll take a look at several examples. As mentioned at the beginning, the\u00a0<em>straw man fallacy<\/em>\u00a0is common in the political arena, as well as in any other type of debate over a controversial topic.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Straw_man_argument_fallacy_example_in_Politics\"><\/span>1. Straw man argument fallacy example (in Politics)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Here\u2019s a real-life example involving politicians:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bernie Sanders<\/strong>: \u201cThe time has come also to say that we need to expand Medicare to cover every man, woman, and child as a single-payer, national healthcare program.\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong>John Delaney<\/strong>: \u201cWe should have universal health care, but it shouldn\u2019t be a kind of health care that kicks 115 million Americans off their health care. That\u2019s not smart policy.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>John Delaney\u2019s response is a\u00a0<em>straw man argument<\/em>\u00a0since it distorts Bernie Sanders\u2019 position instead of really addressing it;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/post-politics\/wp\/2015\/07\/30\/sanders-advocates-for-single-payer-health-care-system-on-medicare-anniversary\/\">Sanders\u2019<\/a>\u00a0goal was to improve and replace the program with a different option, not to kick off millions of Americans off their healthcare.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Straw_man_argument_fallacy_example_in_Politics\"><\/span>2. Straw man argument fallacy example (in Politics)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The following example is fictional:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Politician A<\/strong>: \u201cI think that we shouldn\u2019t allocate any more funds to the defense budget.\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong>Politician B<\/strong>: \u201cSo you are saying that we should leave our country defenseless and vulnerable to invasion? Is that what you really want?\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Here, politician B creates a \u201cstraw man\u201d of A\u2019s claim by touching on only one (seemingly negative) aspect of it and giving the impression that his or her aim is to leave the country defenseless. This is more of an appeal to the audience\u2019s prejudices than a valid counter-argument.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Straw_man_argument_fallacy_example_Hunting\"><\/span>3. Straw man argument fallacy example (Hunting)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>John<\/strong>: \u201cI believe sport hunting is immoral.\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong>Michael<\/strong>: \u201cYou think we should all be vegetarians because animals are more important than people?\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Michael is guilty of committing the fallacy because he misrepresents John\u2019s position: even though John believes sport hunting is immoral, it doesn\u2019t necessarily follow that \u201ceveryone should be vegetarian\u201d or \u201canimals are more important than people\u201d are also his views.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Straw_man_argument_fallacy_example_Death_Penalty\"><\/span>4. Straw man argument fallacy example (Death Penalty)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cIt\u2019s ridiculous that some people are against the death penalty. It means they believe that the lives of murderers are more important than the lives of their victims, and this is proof that they are wrong.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Similarly to the previous example, here one exaggerates and distorts the argument for opposing the death penalty.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_to_counter_straw_man_argument_fallacy\"><\/span>How to counter straw man argument fallacy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-173\" src=\"https:\/\/fallaciesoflogic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/How-to-counter-straw-man-argument-1024x538.jpg\" alt=\"How to counter straw man argument - man sitting in chair in middle of countryside road, books are flying from sky, man shielding his head with open book - fallaciesoflogic.com\" width=\"1024\" height=\"538\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fallaciesoflogic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/How-to-counter-straw-man-argument-1024x538.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/fallaciesoflogic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/How-to-counter-straw-man-argument-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fallaciesoflogic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/How-to-counter-straw-man-argument-768x403.jpg 768w, https:\/\/fallaciesoflogic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/How-to-counter-straw-man-argument.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>As in so many other things, prevention is more desirable than cure. As such, when it comes to combatting\u00a0<em>straw man arguments<\/em>, it helps to state your arguments in precise language and with clear, valid premises to support them. This can make them less vulnerable to misinterpretation and more challenging to change without having to seriously justify it.<\/p>\n<p>However, no matter how excellent your claims are, they may still get twisted by your adversaries. When this happens, a good practice is to respond calmly and try to steer the discussion back on its course. To refute it, you may point out the fallacy and how it is incorrect. You may challenge them to justify their distorted view of your original argument, which will, in turn, put them on the defensive: they\u2019ll have to either defend it or discard it.<\/p>\n<p>Keep in mind that choosing to completely ignore\u00a0<em>the straw man<\/em>\u00a0is often a bad idea: if your opponent keeps attacking it instead of your real position, it can get increasingly difficult for you to disprove it.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Additional reading (about straw man argument fallacy):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/7c0b\/f511f7dc207bbeefb57a475c4475fb3db61a.pdf\">The Straw Man Fallacy \u2013 Douglas Walton<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/www.vocabulary.com\/dictionary\/straw%20man\">Straw man \u2013 Vocabulary<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/www.txstate.edu\/philosophy\/resources\/fallacy-definitions\/Straw-Person.html\">Straw Person \u2013 Texas State<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Straw man argument, or\u00a0straw man fallacy, is a type of\u00a0logical fallacy\u00a0that occurs when someone deliberately distorts or misrepresents their opponent\u2019s<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":171,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[35,37,36,38],"class_list":["post-164","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-logical-fallacies","tag-straw-man-argument","tag-straw-man-argument-fallacy","tag-strawman-argument","tag-strawman-argument-examples"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Straw Man Argument (Logical Fallacy): Definition and Examples - Fallacies Of Logic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Straw man argument fallacy - definition and examples. 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